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    基于融合加权叠加法的深度域地震子波提取技术

    A depth-domain seismic wavelet extraction technique based on weighted stacking fusion

    • 摘要: 深度域地震子波是地下介质速度场的动态响应函数,其波形具有明显的深变特征,不满足传统褶积模型中的“线性深不变”假设,导致时间域地震子波提取方法无法直接应用于深度域。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于融合加权叠加法的深度域地震子波提取技术。首先,基于深度域加权叠加法,引入分段三次Hermite插值,实现子波形态的垂向连续性;其次,结合非稳态褶积理论,构建了深变地震子波簇及其Circulant矩阵,在深度域合成地震记录;最后,在迭代分离参数估计法(Iterative Separate Parameter Estimation,ISPE)框架下引入深度域广义地震子波(depth-domain generalized seismic wavelet,DGSW),以皮尔逊相关系数作为波形相似性量化指标,在降低参数维度的同时精准控制迭代终止条件,实现了深度域地震子波的精确提取。模型测试和实际资料应用表明,即使在强噪声干扰、构造复杂和地震数据与测井数据有限的情况下,该方法仍能提取出可靠的深度域地震子波。

       

      Abstract: A depth-domain seismic wavelet is the response function of subsurface velocity and exhibits significant depth-variant waveform. It does not satisfy the linear and depth-invariant assumption of the conventional convolution model, making time-domain seismic wavelet extraction methods directly inapplicable to the depth domain. To address this problem, this paper proposes a depth-domain seismic wavelet extraction method that integrates weighted stacking. First, based on the depth-domain weighted stacking method, piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation is introduced to achieve vertical continuity of wavelet morphology. Second, combined with non-stationary convolution theory, depth-variant seismic wavelet clusters and their Circulant matrices are constructed to generate depth-domain synthetic seismic records directly. Finally, a depth-domain generalized seismic wavelet (DGSW) is introduced within the iterative separation parameter estimation (ISPE) framework. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient as a quantitative metric for waveform similarity, this approach reduces the parameter dimension while enabling precise control of the iteration termination condition, thereby achieving accurate extraction of depth-domain seismic wavelets. Model tests and field data applications demonstrate that even under strong noise and complex structures with limited seismic and log data, the proposed method can still extract reliable depth-domain seismic wavelets.

       

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