Abstract: The Shaanbei region is located on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin, which not only harbors abundant coal resources but also possesses significant potential for natural gas exploration in its Upper Paleozoic (Carboniferous-Permian) strata. However, long-term and intensive high-intensity coal mining have formed a large number of complex goaf areas in the shallow layers. These goaf areas cause seismic wave scattering, energy attenuation, and complex interference, severely restricting the high-precision seismic imaging of deep natural gas reservoirs. This paper takes the Upper Paleozoic natural gas exploration block covered by a typical coal mine goaf area in Shaanbei as the research object. By combining detailed geological surveys, multi-zone seismic wave field testing, and numerical simulation, it deeply analyzes the spatial morphological characteristics of the coal mine goaf area and its response mechanism to the seismic wave field. The study reveals the propagation laws of seismic waves as they pass through the ‘three zones’ (caving zone, fractured zone, and bending zone) of the goaf area, including energy attenuation characteristics, frequency absorption effects, and waveform distortion features. It specifically proposes a set of 3D seismic acquisition techniques suitable for natural gas exploration in the Upper Paleozoic under the background of goaf area interference. Practical application results show that this method significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data in deep target layers (Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation), providing high-quality basic data support for the detailed evaluation of natural gas resources and the prediction of favorable zones in this area.