Abstract: By systematically reviewing recent advances in natural hydrogen research, this study establishes a comprehensive genetic classification framework, summarizes the controlling factors and spatial distribution patterns of different hydrogen types, and synthesizes the application characteristics of gravity–magnetic, seismic, and well logging techniques. An integrated analysis of global hydrogen occurrence data and geological elements indicates that: hydrogen genesis can be divided into three major types: inorganic, organic, and mixed. Inorganic genesis includes water–rock reactions, fault-related hydrogen generation, water radiolysis, and deep Earth degassing. Organic genesis encompasses thermal maturation, radiolytic decomposition, and microbial activity. Mixed genesis results from the coupling of multiple mechanisms. Hydrogen accumulation is jointly controlled by faults, lithological assemblages, basin types, and the dynamic balance between input and output fluxes. Spatially, inorganic hydrogen is concentrated in tectonically active belts and Precambrian stable zones, organic hydrogen in organic-rich sedimentary areas, and mixed-origin hydrogen in tectonically complex regions with multi-source superimposition. In geophysical exploration, gravity–magnetic surveys excel in rapid regional delineation of hydrogen source rocks and basement structures, seismic exploration in spatial characterization of reservoirs and fault systems, and well logging in direct identification and evaluation of hydrogen-bearing intervals at borehole scale. Current research on natural hydrogen still faces challenges in precisely distinguishing multi-source contributions and systematically assessing global resource potential. Future efforts should focus on advancing hydrogen genesis theories and deep exploration technologies, and developing prediction models to support resource assessment and exploration breakthroughs toward commercial-scale natural hydrogen development.